Nervos dos membros superioresxxx

NERVOS DO MEMBRO SUPERIOR

Plexo braquial

O plexo braquial forma-se nas raízes ventrais de C5  a T1.

Troncos

As raízes continuam-se por troncos:

·         Tronco superior (C5, C6)

·         Tronco médio (C7)

·         Tronco inferior (C8-C1)

Divisões

Os troncos têm uma divisão anterior e uma divisão posterior

Cordões

As divisões reunerm-se em cordões:

Divisão anterior

·         Cordão lateral – troncos superior e médio

·         Cordão medial – tronco inferior

Divisão posterior

·         Cordão posterior

Ramos

Ao chegarem à axila os cordões formam ramos

Raízes

Troncos

Divisões

Cordões

Ramos

Nervos

https://www.hss.edu/brachialplexuscenter-about.asp

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brachial_plexus

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1877731-overview

http://www.physio-pedia.com/Brachial_plexus 24/11

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3445178/

 

http://patient.info/doctor/brachial-plexus-assessment-and-common-injuries   24/11 

http://www.livestrong.com/article/273371-brachial-plexus-nerve-gliding-exercise/  24 /11

http://www.brachialplexus.scot.nhs.uk/files/physio%20docs/Info%20for%20Physios.pdf 24/11

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/316888-treatment  24/11

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brachial_plexus_injury  24/11

Nervo axilar ou circunflexo

O    nervo axilar ou circunflexo sai do cordão posterior,

passa atrás do colo anatómico do umero e enerva o deltóide e pequeno redondo e a pele e cápsula articular da espádua.

http://radiopaedia.org/articles/axillary-nerve

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axillary_nerve

http://www.orthobullets.com/anatomy/10136/axillary-nerve

http://teachmeanatomy.info/upper-limb/nerves/the-axillary-nerve/

Patologia do nervo axilar

http://www.healthline.com/health/axillary-nerve-dysfunction

http://www.physio-pedia.com/Axillary_Nerve_Injury

https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000689.htm

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axillary_nerve_palsy

http://www.livestrong.com/article/130363-axillary-nerve-damage-symptoms/

http://www.columbianeurosurgery.org/conditions/axillary-nerve-injury/

https://www.shoulderdoc.co.uk/article/1366

http://www.methodistsports.com/specialties/shoulder/education/conditions/axillary-nerve-dysfunction/

Nervo musculo-cutaneo

O nervo musculo-cutaneo é o principal ramo terminal do cordão lateral. Enerva os flexores do antebraço

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musculocutaneous_nerve

http://teachmeanatomy.info/upper-limb/nerves/the-musculocutaneous-nerve/

http://www.orthobullets.com/anatomy/10102/musculocutaneous-nerve

Patologia do nervo musculocutaneo

http://patient.info/doctor/musculocutaneous-nerve-lesion-c5-c6

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2821488/

http://synapse.koreamed.org/Synapse/Data/PDFData/0043JKOA/jkoa-49-74.pdf

Nervo  mediano

O nervo mediano percorre o braço sem se ramificar. Enerva a maior parte dos flexores e os musculos intrínsecos da parte lateral da palma da mão

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Median_nerve

http://www.orthobullets.com/anatomy/10106/median-nerve

http://teachmeanatomy.info/upper-limb/nerves/the-median-nerve/

Patologia do nervo mediano

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1242387-overview

https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000691.htm

http://neuromuscular.wustl.edu/nanatomy/median.htm

  

http://patient.info/doctor/carpal-tunnel-syndrome-and-median-nerve-lesions

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Median_nerve_palsy

http://www.sportsinjuryclinic.net/sport-injuries/elbow-pain/median-nerve-injury

Nervo cubital

O nervo cubital nasce do cordão medial, passa atrás do epicondilo medial e enerva o flexor cubital do carpo e uma parte do flexor profundo dos dedos e a maior parte dos músculos intrínsecos

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulnar_nerve

http://teachmeanatomy.info/upper-limb/nerves/the-ulnar-nerve/

Patologia do nervo cubital

http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/topic.cfm?topic=a00069

http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/neurology_neurosurgery/centers_clinics/peripheral_nerve_surgery/treatments/

https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000789.htm

http://www.healthline.com/health/ulnar-nerve-dysfunction

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1141515-overview

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1285531-overview

http://neuromuscular.wustl.edu/nanatomy/ulnar.htm

Nervo radial

O nervo radial é um prolongamento do cordão posterior. Ao nível do cotovelo divide-se num ramo superficial e num ramo profundo. Enerva todos os extensores do membro superior

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radial_nerve

http://www.orthobullets.com/anatomy/10103/radial-nerve

http://teachmeanatomy.info/upper-limb/nerves/the-radial-nerve/

http://www.wheelessonline.com/ortho/radial_nerve

http://radiopaedia.org/articles/radial-nerve

http://neuromuscular.wustl.edu/nanatomy/radial.htm

Patologia do nervo radial

http://www.healthline.com/health/radial-nerve-dysfunction#Overview1

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1244110-overview

https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000790.htm

http://patient.info/doctor/radial-nerve-lesion-c5-c8

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wrist_drop

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radial_neuropathy

http://neurology.about.com/od/Peripheral/a/Radial-Nerve-Injury.htm

http://www.methodistsports.com/specialties/hand-wrist-elbow/education/conditions/radial-nerve-dysfunction/

Patologia do plexo braquial

As lesões graves do plexo braquial provocam a paralisia de todo o membro superior

As lesões do mediano impedem a oposição do polegar

Nas lesões do cubital forma-se a mão em garra devido à dificuldade em afastar os dedos.

Se se bater com um objecto atrás da epitroclea do úmero pode haver uma lesão temporária do cubital que se manifestam por um formigueiro doloroso que irradia ao longo da porção medial do antebraço e mão

Nas lesões do radial surge a mão pendente pela impossibilidade de mover a mão ao longo do pulso. Uma das causas é o uso inadequado da muleta, muito apertada contra a axila – paralisia da muleta

A lesão do mediano ocorre no túnel do canal carpico

http://www.healthline.com/health/brachial-plexopathy#Treatment6

https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001395.htm

http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/topic.cfm?topic=A00678

http://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/health/b/brachial-plexus/

http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/brachial-plexus-injury/home/ovc-20127336

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brachial_plexus_injury

http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/neurology_neurosurgery/centers_clinics/peripheral_nerve_surgery/conditions/brachial_plexus_injury_bpi.html

http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/brachial_plexus/brachial_plexus.htm

http://www.wehealny.org/services/bi_nervecenter/cond_brachialPlexus.html

http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/topic.cfm?topic=A00678

http://www.assh.org/handcare/hand-arm-injuries/Brachial-Plexus-Injury

https://www.hss.edu/brachialplexuscenter-about.asp