Patologia do movimento: Coxa e anca

COXA E ANCA

Anatomia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hip

http://www.healthpages.org/anatomy-function/hip-structure-function-common-problems/

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1898964-overview

http://eorthopod.com/hip-anatomy/

http://www.arthritis-health.com/types/joint-anatomy/hip-anatomy

http://www.healthpages.org/anatomy-function/hip-structure-function-common-problems/

Articulação coxo femural

Articulação esferóide com boa amplitude de movimentos.

Os movimentos efectuam-se em todos os planos mas são limitados pelos seus ligamentos e pela profundidade da cavidade

É formada pelo encaixe da cabeça do fémur no acetábulo

A cápsula articular cobre toda a articulação

Vários ligamentos reforçam a articulação – ilio-femural, pubo-femural e isquio-femural

O ligamento redondo vai da cabeça do fémur ao acetábulo.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hip

http://www.joint-pain-expert.net/hip-joint.html

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1898964-overview

http://teachmeanatomy.info/lower-limb/joints/the-hip-joint/
Fig 3 - The extracapsular ligaments of the hip joint; ileofemoral, pubofemoral and ischiofemoral ligaments.

Fig 3 - The extracapsular ligaments of the hip joint; ileofemoral, pubofemoral and ischiofemoral ligaments.

Fig 1.1 - The extracapsular ligaments of the hip joint.

http://bonesmart.org/hip/about-the-hip-joint/

https://www.hss.edu/hip-pain-center-hip-conditions.asp

PATOLOGIA DA COXA E ANCA

Directorios

http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/menus/hip.cfm

https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/hipinjuriesanddisorders.html

Textos

http://www.healthline.com/health/hip-disorders#Overview1

https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/hip-disorders

Artrite da coxa

http://www.joint-pain-expert.net/hip-osteoarthritis.html

http://www.webmd.com/osteoarthritis/guide/hip-osteoarthritis-degenerative-arthritis-hip~

http://www.joint-pain-expert.net/hip-osteoarthritis.html

http://www.healthline.com/health/osteoarthritis/hip-treatments#ReadThisNext0

https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/hipinjuriesanddisorders.html

http://www.ortho.wustl.edu/content/Patient-Care/3207/Services/Sports-Medicine/Overview/Hip/Arthritis-of-the-Hip.aspx

http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/osteoarthritis/basics/symptoms/con-20014749

Illustration showing osteoarthritis of the hip

Artrose da coxa

http://www.healthline.com/health/arthrosis-vs-arthritis#Treatments9

http://www.klinik-gut.ch/en/range-operations/hip/hip-joint-arthrosis/

http://www.ortho-praxis.ch/coxarthrose-en.php

http://www.ccmbm.com/materiale_cic/668_X_1/5771_hip/article.html

http://www.dr-salim.com/english/pdf/hip_joint_therapy.pdf

http://www.magnetic-therapy-biomag.com/magnetic-therapy-health-indicators/lower-extremities-and-hips/hip-joint-arthrosis

http://www.sportklinik-germany.com/fileadmin/user_upload/sportklinik_bilder/PDF_DOWNLOAD/op_englisch_online/arcus_op_englisch_huefte.pdf

Banda ilio-tibial

Longo tendão que corre ao longo do fémur da coxa ao fémur, ponto de ligação de vários músculos

O excesso de uso em ciclistas e corredores pode provocar o sindroma da banda tibial, causando dor acima do joelho

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Posterior_Hip_Muscles_3.PNG

http://www.emedicinehealth.com/iliotibial_band_syndrome/article_em.htm

Picture of Iliotibial (IT) Band Syndrome

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/307850-overview

http://www.medicinenet.com/iliotibial_band_syndrome/article.htm

http://www.rice.edu/~jenky/sports/itband.v2.html

http://www.emedx.com/emedx/diagnosis_information/knee_disorders/iliotibial_band_friction_syndrome_outline.html

http://www.drpribut.com/sports/spitb.html

http://www.genou.com/tfl/tfl.htm

Bursites

Encontram-se duas bolsas – do grande trocanter e do psoas iliaco

http://www.medicinenet.com/hip_bursitis/article.htm

https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases_conditions/hic_Bursitis/hic_Trochanteric_Bursitis

http://www.arthritis-health.com/types/bursitis/hip-bursitis-treatment

http://familydoctor.org/familydoctor/en/diseases-conditions/bursitis-of-the-hip.html

http://www.webmd.com/pain-management/tc/trochanteric-bursitis-topic-overview

http://orthopedics.about.com/od/hipkneetreatments/fl/Hip-Bursitis-Treatments.htm

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_trochanteric_pain_syndrome

Contusoes da anca

http://www.emedx.com/emedx/diagnosis_information/hip_pelvis_disorders/hip_pointer_outline.htm

http://www.emedicinehealth.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=145972

https://www.drugs.com/cg/hip-contusion.html

http://www.coreperformance.com/knowledge/injury-pain/hip-injuries.html

https://www.simpletherapy.com/blog/hip-contusion/

http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/tc/hip-injuries-age-12-and-older-topic-overview

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hip_pointer

http://www.commonsportsinjuries.com/upperleg/hip/

Coxa vara e coxa valga

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hip

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coxa_vara

http://radiopaedia.org/articles/coxa-valga

http://www.physio-pedia.com/Coxa_Vara_/_Coxa_Valga

http://www.feetonthehill.co.uk/feetonthehill/export/sites/default/PdfFolder/CaseStudyPDFs/CoxaValgaand_Anterversion.pdf

Displasia da coxa

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hip_dysplasia

http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/topic.cfm?topic=a00347

Normal Displasia

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1248135-overview

http://www.clohisyhipsurgeon.com/conditions-treated/hip-dysplasia

http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/topic.cfm?topic=A00710

Doença de Legg-Calve Perthes

http://nonf.org/perthesbrochure/perthes-brochure.htm

http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/legg-calve-perthes-disease/basics/definition/con-20035572

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1248267-overview

https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001264.htm

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legg%E2%80%93Calv%C3%A9%E2%80%93Perthes_disease

Dor na coxa

http://www.webmd.com/pain-management/guide/hip-pain-causes-and-treatment

http://www.joint-pain-expert.net/hip-joint.html

http://www.arthritis.org/about-arthritis/where-it-hurts/hip-pain/

http://www.swissorthoclinic.com/en/arh-signs-and-symptoms

http://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/hip-pain/basics/definition/sym-20050684

http://www.emedicinehealth.com/hip_pain/article_em.htm

http://www.healthline.com/symptom/hip-pain

http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/menus/hip.cfm

http://www.everydayhealth.com/hip-pain/five-common-causes-of-hip-pain-in-women.aspx

http://www.nhs.uk/conditions/hip-pain-adults/Pages/Introduction.aspx

http://physioworks.com.au/Injuries-Conditions/Regions/hip-pain-joint-injury 1/12

Estiramento da coxa

Os estiramentos da anca são frequentes quando um musculo estirado se contrai repentinamente como em quedas, contusões, excesso de uso.

http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/topic.cfm?topic=A00361

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/86930-overview

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/823471-overview

https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/patientinstructions/000682.htm

http://www.livestrong.com/article/342927-how-to-treat-a-hip-flexor-strain

http://www.physioadvisor.com.au/10428650/hip-flexor-strain-hip-flexor-injury-iliopsoas-.htm

http://www.summitmedicalgroup.com/library/adult_health/sma_iliopsoas_tendonitis/

Fracturas do acetabulo

http://www.orthobullets.com/trauma/1034/acetabular-fractures

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1246057-overview

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/385838-overview

http://pubs.rsna.org/doi/full/10.1148/rg.352140098

http://pt.slideshare.net/me002eg/26-acetabular-fractures-anatomy-evaluation-and-classification-muhammad-abdelghani

http://uwmsk.org/acetabularfx/column.html

https://www2.aofoundation.org/wps/portal/surgery?showPage=diagnosis&bone=Pelvis&segment=Acetabulum

Fracturas do colo do femur

Directorios

https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/hipinjuriesanddisorders.html

Textos

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hip_fracture

http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/topic.cfm?topic=A00392

http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hip-fracture/basics/definition/con-20021033~

http://www.healthline.com/health/hip-fracture-surgeries#Diagnosis6

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/825363-overview

$Femoral neck fractures. Top diagram is a nondispla$

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/87043-overview

http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/gec/series/fixing_hip_fractures

http://www.nhs.uk/conditions/hip-fracture/pages/introduction.aspx

http://www.emedx.com/emedx/diagnosis_information/hip_pelvis_disorders/hip_fracture_outline.htm

Lesoes da anca

http://physioworks.com.au/Injuries-Conditions/Regions/hip-pain-joint-injury

Luxação da coxa

Passa-se quando a cabeça do fémur sai do acetabulo.

A maior parte das luxações são posteriores

A causa mais frequente são os acidentes de automóvel, seguindo-se as quedas de grandes alturas e acidentes industriais

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dislocation_of_hip

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/86930-overview

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/823471-overvie

Meralgia parestesica

http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/topic.cfm?topic=A00340

http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/meralgia-paresthetica/basics/definition/con-20030852

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meralgia_paraesthetica

Necrose avascular da cabeça do fémur ou osteonecrose do femur

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/86568-overview

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/386808-overview

Avascular necrosis of the femoral head. Illustrati

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/86568-treatment

http://www.webmd.com/arthritis/avascular-necrosis-osteonecrosis-symptoms-treatments

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2739499/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avascular_necrosis

http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/avascular-necrosis/basics/definition/con-20025517

http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/topic.cfm?topic=A00216

A doença de Legg-Calve-Perthes +e um exemplo de necrose avascular

Osteoporose transitoria da anca

http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/topic.cfm?topic=A00205

http://radiopaedia.org/articles/idiopathic-transient-osteoporosis-of-the-hip

http://pubs.rsna.org/doi/pdf/10.1148/radiographics.13.5.8210586

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3211740/

http://www.orthobullets.com/basic-science/9036/idiopathic-transient-osteoporosis-of-the-hip-itoh

http://www.bjj.boneandjoint.org.uk/content/88-B/11/1438

http://www.wheelessonline.com/ortho/idiopathic_transient_osteoporosis_of_the_hip

Pressao femuroacetabular

http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/topic.cfm?topic=A00571

http://radiopaedia.org/articles/femoro-acetabular-impingement

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Femoroacetabular_impingement

http://www.webmd.com/pain-management/hip-impingement-causes-treatments

http://www.ajronline.org/doi/full/10.2214/AJR.06.0921

http://www.hipfai.com/

http://jointpain.md/Procedures/ImpingementSyndrome.aspx

http://physioworks.com.au/injuries-conditions-1/femoroacetabular-impingement-fai-1

http://www.ortho.wustl.edu/content/Patient-Care/3206/Services/Sports-Medicine/Overview/Hip/Hip-Impingement.aspx

Sindroma da anca irritável

http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/166614.php

http://www.nhs.uk/conditions/Irritable-hip/Pages/Introduction.aspx

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transient_synovitis

http://patient.info/doctor/painful-hips-in-children

http://www.rch.org.au/kidsinfo/fact_sheets/Transient_synovitis/

https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/hip-disorders

https://www.hse.ie/eng/health/az/H/Hip-pain-in-children/

Musculos que movimentam a coxa

Alguns músculos da coxa actuam sobre a articulação da anca, outros sobre o joelho e outros sobre as duas

Os músculos mais anteriores da anca e da coxa fazem a flexão do fémur e a extensão da perna ou seja a primeira fase da marcha.

Os músculos posteriores fazem a extensão da coxa e a flexão da perna, ou seja a segunda fase da marcha

Os músculos da parte mediana são adutores

Estes três grupos de músculos estão divididos por septos de aponevroses em locas anterior, posterior e mediana

http://www.castonline.ilstu.edu/Thomas/181/Muscles%20at%20the%20HIP.pdf

http://anatoinsitu.blogspot.pt/2013/02/musculos-das-coxas.html

LOCA ANTERIOR

Psoas-iliaco

ORIGEM:Iliaco no ileon e psoas no sacro e vertebras lombares

JUNÇAO DOS DOIS MUSCULOS Trocanter através de um tendão comum

INSERÇAO: Pequeno trocânter e imediatamente abaixo

ACÇAO: Flexao, rotação externa

http://anatoinsitu.blogspot.pt/2013/02/musculos-das-coxas.html

Quadricipete

MUSCULOS: Três vastos( mediano,intermedio e externo) e recto

ORIGEM : Vastos no fémur e recto no ilíaco

INSERÇAO: O tendão do quadricipete passa pelo joelho e insere-se na tuberosidade da tíbia, estabilizando a posição do joelho durante o movimento das suas articulaçoes

http://anatomiaonline.com/musculos-do-membro-inferior/