Mão-anatomofisiologiaxxx

ANATOMOFISIOLOGIA DA MAO

Ossos

Os ossos da mão são os ossos do carpo, os metacarpos e as falanges, dividindo-se estas ultimas em proximais, intermédias e distais.Os metacarpos e falanges numeram-se de 1 a 5 a partir do polegar  

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Scheme_human_hand_bones-en.svg

http://www.visualdictionaryonline.com/human-being/anatomy/skeleton/hand.php

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:X-ray_boy_hand.jpg

http://www.chionline.com/anatomy/anat4.html

 

Ossos do carpo

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gray234.png

http://boneandspine.com/scaphoid-bone-anatomy/

Escafoide

http://boneandspine.com/scaphoid-bone-anatomy/

Articulações da mão

Textos gerais

http://www.arthritis.org/about-arthritis/where-it-hurts/wrist-hand-and-finger-pain/hand-wrist-anatomy.php

http://www.dummies.com/how-to/content/joints-of-the-wrist-hand-and-fingers.html

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1899456-overview

http://www.mccc.edu/~behrensb/documents/TheHandbig

Articulação carpo-metacarpica

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gray335.png

http://www.mananatomy.com/body-systems/skeletal-system/carpometacarpal-joints

Há cinco articulaçoes carpometacarpicas em cada mao

Ligações intercarpicas

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gray336.png

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gray334.png

http://classes.kumc.edu/sah/resources/handkines/bone/interartic.html

http://www.anatomyexpert.com/app/structure/15383/1006/

http://www.wisegeek.com/what-are-intercarpal-joints.htm

http:// http://www.dummies.com/how-to/content/joints-of-the-wrist-hand-and-fingers.htmlwww.ganfyd.org/index.php?title=Intercarpal_joints

Ligamento transverso do metacarpo

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gray337.png

http://jocpr.com/vol6-iss4-2014/JCPR-2014-6-4-762-765.pdf

Ligações interfalangicas

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gray338.png

 

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1923054-overview

http://classes.kumc.edu/sah/resources/handkines/bone/phaljt.html

http://www.mananatomy.com/body-systems/skeletal-system/interphalangeal-joints

http://www.ganfyd.org/index.php?title=Interphalangeal_joints_of_the_hand

http://radiopaedia.org/articles/interphalangeal-joint-dislocation

Músculos da mão

Músculos extrínsecos

Os músculos extrínsecos da mão são os que têm origem no antebraço e os tendões se inserem na mão

Uma banda forte de tecido conjuntivo fibroso (ligamento anular anterior do carpo) cobre os tendões e mantem-nos no seu lugar à volta do punho

Músculos intrínsecos

Têm origens e inserções na mão

Duas eminências, tenar e hipotenar permitem dividir os músculos em tenares e hipotenares

A eminência tenar é uma saliência arredondada na base do punho e a hipotenar na base do mínimo

Temos de considerar ainda os músculos da palma da mão

Compreendem os principais abdutores, adutores e opositores dos dedos

http://www.chionline.com/anatomy/anat4.html

 

When the skin, palmar aponeurosis and flexor retinaculum are removed, the tendons of the flexor digitorum superficialis can be seen. Medial to the tendons is a group of muscles that act on the little finger, the hypothenar muscles. Lateral to the tendons is a group of muscles that act on the thumb (pollux), the thenar muscles. These two muscle groups are covered with deep fascia.

The intrinsic muscles of the hand can be arranged into three groups according to either to a region or to depth.
Regional groups of muscles are the thenar and hypothenar group. The thenar muscles are three in number and act on the thumb. The hypothenar group are three in number and act on the little finger.

The ramainder muscles can be arranged from superficial to deep as shown in the diagrams below. Once the palmar aponeurosis is removed, the first layer is made up of the tendons of the flexor digitorum superficialis. This and the other layers are shown below.